ʻO ka hopena keʻokeʻo he palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e komo pūarbutin, huaʻai C, aiʻole niacinamide?

Arbutin

 α- Arbutin: α- He palekana maikaʻi ka Arbutin, ka hopena keʻokeʻo, a me ke kūpaʻa;

 β- Arbutin: nā mea maka maka

Deoxyarbutin: paʻa maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana liʻiliʻi;

ʻO ke kumu keʻokeʻo: Hoʻopaʻa nui ʻo Arbutin i ka hana ʻana o ka melanin ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana o tyrosinase (he enzyme koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana o ka melanin), a laila e loaʻa ai ka hopena o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili.

huaʻai C

He moʻolelo lōʻihi ka Vitamin C no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he ascorbic acid ma muli o kona ikaika antioxidant ikaika, e alakaʻi ana i kona instability a me ka maʻalahi decomposition.No laila, hoʻohana mau ʻia kāna mau derivatives.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi pūʻulu inert i kāna pūʻulu hana e ʻoi aku ka paʻa.ʻo kahi laʻana,ascorbic acid glucoside (AA2G), he derivative o ka vitamina C, ua hoʻohui ʻia i nā huahana keʻokeʻo ma ka mākeke.

ʻO ke kumu keʻokeʻo: ʻO ka hopena keʻokeʻo o ka huaora C ma muli o kona ikaika antioxidant ikaika.Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka waiwai waena dopamine quinone i ka melanin synthesis i dopamine, ke kāohi nei i ke kaulahao oxidation i hana ʻia e ka melanin, a laila e kāohi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka melanin a loaʻa ka hopena keʻokeʻo.

ʻO nā hopena a me nā loina o ka hana i hiki ke hoʻokō penei:

Whitening: Loaʻa ka hana o ka hana ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o nā melanosomes mai nā melanocytes i keratinocytes.

Ka mana aila a me ka ho'ēmi pore: hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka huna ʻana o ka sebum a me ka ʻaila, hoʻoemi i nā pores ʻili, a hoʻolilo i ke ʻano o ka ʻili.

Inā ʻaʻohe hopena maʻi kūikawā o kou ʻili, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike palekana o kēia mau mea ʻekolu: niacinamide