Cosmetics anti-aging ingredients (additives) -The most complete point（1）

1.peptide 
Peptides, also known as peptides, are a type of compound composed of 2-16 amino acids connected by peptide bonds. Compared to proteins, peptides have a smaller molecular weight and simpler structure. Usually classified based on the number of amino acids contained in a single molecule, it is often divided into short peptides (2-5 amino acids) and peptides (6-16 amino acids).

According to their mechanism of action, peptides can be divided into signaling peptides, neurotransmitter inhibitory peptides, carrier peptides, and others.

The main mechanism of action of signal peptides is to promote the synthesis of matrix proteins, especially collagen, while increasing the production of elastin, HA, glycosaminoglycans, and fibronectin. This type of ingredient is also the most popular among products that focus on peptide ingredients.

The most common signaling peptides in skincare products currently include acetyl hexapeptide-8, palmitoyl pentapeptide-3, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, palmitoyl hexapeptide-5, hexapeptide-9, and myristoyl pentapeptide-11.

Neurotransmitter inhibitory peptides are based on the mechanism of botulinum toxin, mainly by inhibiting the synthesis of SNARE receptors, suppressing the excessive release of catecholamines and acetylcholine in the skin, locally blocking the transmission of muscle contraction information, relaxing facial muscles, and achieving the goal of smoothing fine lines. This type of peptide is widely used, just like signal peptides.

The commonly used neurotransmitter inhibitory peptides at present are acetyl hexapeptide-8, acetyl octapeptide-3, pentapeptide-3, dipeptide-2, etc

Carrier peptides are a class of protein molecules with specific functions that can bind to other molecules and mediate their entry into cells. In living organisms, carrying peptides typically bind to signaling molecules, enzymes, hormones, etc., thereby regulating intracellular signaling and metabolic processes

Other common peptides include hexapeptide-10, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, L-carnosine, acetyl tetrapeptide-5, tetrapeptide-30, nonapeptide-1, nutmeg hexapeptide-16, etc

2.growth factor
Human Growth Factor (HGF) is a cytokine that exists in the human body and has a regulatory (promoting or inhibiting) effect on the growth and development of different cells in the body. It is also known as a peptide production factor and belongs to the peptide hormone class. It is a complex hormone that controls the growth and differentiation of cells in skin, blood, bone, and nerve tissues.

The growth factors commonly used in cosmetics include human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc.